FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions

Welcome to FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions), where we have compiled the answers to the most frequently asked questions about our services. Our goal is to provide you with clear and concise information to help you make informed decisions. At RezEx Accountants, we understand that you may have questions about our offerings, policies, or procedures. 

General FAQ

A UTR (Unique Taxpayer Reference) number is a 10 digit code that’s unique to either you or your company. It facilitates HMRC to process tax returns in an efficient, effective and accurate manner. It helps to identify the person (i.e. whether it’s a company, partnership etc.) so that their records can be managed accordingly. It also helps in ensuring that everyone pays what they owe or receive amounts they might be entitled to correctly.

UTR number is a 10 digit unique code issued by HMRC to all the entities whether individuals, limited companies, LLPs etc. HMRC needs the UTR number to identify the person or sole proprietor for return filing and tax payment purposes.

  • A tax code is an alphanumeric code used to work out how much income tax needs to be collected from your income.
  • These codes generally start with a number and end with an alphabet, for e.g., 1257L. The number in a tax code denotes the amount of tax-free income you get in that particular year.
  • The letter in the tax code refers to your personal circumstances which may affect your Personal Allowance.

Various types of trial balance errors are as follows:

The error of Principle:
When a transaction is recorded in a manner that any of the generally accepted accounting principles is violated then it is called error of principle. There isn’t any effect on trial balance in such cases as the amount is correctly posted on debit-credit sides but the accounts are incorrect. Such errors can cause the financial statements to depict a misleading picture of the affairs of the business.

Omission Error:
There can be two kinds of error of omission- complete and partial. Complete omission means that a transaction has been missed to be recorded in the journal. There isn’t any effect on trial balance in such cases. Partial omission means that a transaction has been recorded in the journal but omitted to be posted into the ledger accounts. Such kinds of omissions hamper the agreement of trial balance.

Commission error:
Such errors generally relate to arithmetic accuracy. These include recording wrong amount in subsidiary books, wrong totalling of subsidiary books, posting incorrect amount in ledger accounts, posting at the wrong side of ledger accounts, incorrect totalling of ledger balances etc. These may or may not cause trial balance totally.

Compensating errors:
If two or more errors are committed in a manner that the effect of one error is compensated by the effect of other error, then such errors are called compensating errors. These errors leave agreement of trial balance unaffected.

Over reporting- Once you file your accounts to Companies House and HMRC, they come into the public domain. Over reporting in the accounts can cause your competitors to know your business strategy and they could easily take undue advantage of this.

Underreporting- Underreporting to Companies House and HMRC can cause them to take action against you. You might end up paying heavy penalties.

Filing your accounts early before the due date has its own benefits.

Some of them are:

  • No worrying about deadlines.
  • No fear of paying penalties for late filing.
  • Extra time to make any amendments.
  • Cash Flow Management – Nothing is ever guaranteed in business or life, apart from death and taxes. You will have to pay taxes on your profits that are a certainty. It’s advantageous to have all of the information as early as possible so that you can budget appropriately and ensure that you have the necessary funds ready to pay your tax bill when the time comes.
  • Peace of mind – Businesses can be stressful at times and you rarely know what is coming up in the future. This is an opportunity to gain more clarity over the financial future of your business and at least understand and factor future outgoing payments into your plans.

Cash basis of accounting deals with recognising revenues- when cash is actually received and expenses- when cash is actually paid. In this method, there is no requirement of keeping a track of receivables and payables. The business income isn’t taxed until it’s received in cash or in a bank account. It is easier to maintain. The disadvantage of this method is that it ends up giving a biased view of the business as an expense and its related revenue might get reported in different periods.

Accrual basis of accounting deals with recognising revenues when they are earned and expenses when they are incurred, irrespective of the date of actual payment. irrespective of the fact that whether the money has been received/paid. This method works on matching principle which means the expense is reported in the period when related revenues are earned. This method gives a true and significantly better view as compared to the cash basis of accounting.

The HMRC Gateway account is an account created to use online services provided by HMRC. To sign in the HMRC gateway one needs 12 digit Government Gateway user ID and password.

UTR (Unique Taxpayer Reference) is automatically sent when you register for self-assessment or set up a limited company. It can be found on your:

  • Previous returns
  • Payment reminders or notices to file returns received from HMRC at your registered office address.
  • You can call the self-assessment to request your UTR if you cannot find any documents from HMRC.
  • For a limited company, we can request your Corporation Tax UTR online. HMRC will send it to your business address that is registered with the Companies House.

Benefit in kind refers to:

  • Asset or service provided by the employer to employee,
  • that is used by employee personally but is paid for by a company
  • and isn’t “wholly, exclusively and necessary” for business purpose.

Benefits in kind need to be reported in the form P11D. They are treated as cash equivalents and so are taxed as a part of your (employee’s) salary.

If the employer provides trivial benefit as a part of the salary sacrifice arrangement, then they won’t be exempt. The employer will have to report it to the HMRC in form P11D.

  • The salary is given up or
  • How much you paid for the trivial benefits, whichever is higher.

However, the director of a ‘close company’ cannot receive trivial benefits worth more than £300 in a tax year.

The government has prescribed minimum wage rates i.e., the minimum amount per hour that any worker should be paid. Workers above the age of 25 are entitled to National Living Wage which is highest of the National Minimum Wage. The wages amount determined using these minimum wage rates is called minimum wage.

The period falling between two accounting reference dates is considered as an accounting year. It is also known as a financial year.

Capital allowance refers to deductions allowed from the profits with respect to certain assets purchased which have a useful life of more than one tax period. 

Business mileage is basically a blanket term for the expenses reimbursed by an employer for travel expenses of the employee for purpose of business travel. For sole traders, it shall cover the cost of buying and maintaining a vehicle for business purpose. Read more about business mileage allowance in our article. These can be claimed by a sole trader or reimbursed to employees, as the case may be, at actual cost or approved mileage rates.

These can be claimed by a sole trader or reimbursed to employees, as the case may be, at actual cost or approved mileage rates.

Tax code is an alphanumeric code used to work out how much income tax needs to be collected from a person’s income.These codes generally start with a number and end with an alphabet, for eg. 1250L. The number in a tax code is the amount of tax-free income the person gets in that particular year. The letter in the tax code refers to personal circumstances which may affect their Personal Allowance.

Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) is an allowance to help people with disability or health condition that affects how much you can work. Under ESA the government provides the applicants with either help in form of money to help with living costs in case they are unable to work or support to get back into work they can work. The applicant may be employed, self-employed or unemployed.

Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA) is an unemployment benefit the UK government provides to people who are unemployed and actively seeking work. This allowance is provided to cover living expenses while the claimant is out of work. Payments of JSA Payments are usually made every 2 weeks. There are 3 types of Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA):

  • New style’ JSA
  • Contribution-based JSA
  • Income-based JSA

Application for contribution-based and income-based JSA can be made only if the applicant either:

  • gets the severe disability premium, or is entitled to it; or
  • got or was entitled to the severe disability premium within the last month and is still eligible for it.

Child tax credit is a benefit that a parent or carer gets if they are responsible for at least one child. This basically tops up the income of the one responsible for taking care of a child. It has been replaced by Universal Credit for most people. New claims for Child Tax Credit can be made if you:

  • get the severe disability premium, or are entitled to it
  • got or were entitled to the severe disability premium in the last month, and you’re still eligible for it.

It can be claimed until the September following your child’s 16th birthday or if they are in approved education or training, you can claim until their 20th birthday. The amount of tax credit you receive depends on the number of children you have, and if your child has any disabilities and whether you are making a new claim for Child Tax Credit or already claiming Child Tax Credit.

Working Tax Credit is a payment made by the government to people with low incomes in order to help them with day to day expenses. Whether a person id eligible for this credit depends on the hours of paid work they do each week and their income and circumstances. It has been replaced by Universal Credit for most people. A new claim for Working Tax Credit can be made if the claimant:

  • gets the severe disability premium, or is entitled to it
  • got or was entitled to the severe disability premium in the last month, and is still eligible for it

Under rural rate relief, a business is not required to pay business rates if it is located in a rural area with a population below 3,000 and is either:

  • the only village shop or post office, with a rateable value of up to £8,500
  • the only public house or petrol station, with a rateable value of up to £12,500

You contact your local council and check you’re eligible and to apply for rural rate relief. You can to contact your local council and check you’re eligible and to apply for rural rate relief.

A name shall be considered ‘same as’ if the only difference with an existing name is either a punctuation mark, special character, word or character used commonly in UK company names or word or character that’s similar in appearance or meaning to another from the existing name.

A name shall be considered ‘too like’ if someone complains and Companies House agrees it’s ‘too like’ a name registered before yours.

A pension number is a unique number that’s used to identify your pension and can usually be found at the top of your pension paperwork. If you can’t find your pension number in your records, you should contact your pension provider for assistance. For the National Employment Savings Trust (NEST), this is known as the unique employer NEST ID.

Self Assessment

Personal UTR (Unique Taxpayer Reference) is a 10 digit code. It is completely unique to each and every UK taxpayer who is a natural person. Whether the taxpayer is sole trader or an individual earning any income or part of a partnership, a personal UTR number is needed to file a Self-Assessment tax return online or via post. HMRC uses it to identify you for everything relating to your taxes.

‘Payments on account’ mean advance payments made for your Self-Assessment tax bill. HMRC assumes that you will continue to earn at the same rate as the previous year, therefore, you will pay approximately the same amount of tax in the following year. Each year two payments on account must be made. Each payment is half the previous year’s tax bill.

  • You must keep your records for at least 22 months after the end of the tax year the tax return is for. HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) may check your records to make sure you’re paying the right amount of tax.

Claiming expenses on an actual basis requires the businesses to maintain records pertaining to those expenses. Simplified expenses can relieve your businesses from the burden of maintaining records. Your business expenses are calculated using flat rates and the resultant figure is claimed as business expense out of the net profits for the year. Once you have claimed simplified expenses you can no more claim actual expenses for the same. Simplified expenses can be claimed by sole traders and business partnerships that have no companies as partners. You can read more about simplified expenses in our article

Simplified expenses can be used by:

  • sole traders
  • business partnerships that have no companies as partners

Flat rates for simplified expenses can be claimed for:

  • business costs for vehicles
  • working from home
  • using business premises for personal use

All other expenses are claimed by working out the actual costs.

If you’ve never registered for self-assessment with HMRC ever before, then you need to register for it online on gov.uk website. Once you register, HMRC will set up your self-assessment online service account and send you a letter with your UTR.

You need to re-register online via form CWF1 if you’ve sent a self-assessment return online before. For this you’ll need your 10 digit UTR (Unique Taxpayer Reference).

Once you register, you will get a letter from HMRC within 10 business days (21 days if you’re abroad) that will have an activation code for your online account which you will need while signing in to your online account for the first time.

Once your business opts for claiming simplified expenses it needs to stick to it throughout the life of the business or the life of asset regarding which simplified expenses are claimed.

Yes, you can make changes to your self-assessment return either online or by post within 12 months from the filing deadline for the self-assessment return for the said period.

The due date for paying self-assessment tax returns for the tax year 2020-21 is Midnight 31 January 2022.

You must keep your accounting records for a period of at least 5 years after the 31st January submission deadline of the relevant tax year.

Firstly, advisory fuel rates (AFR) are used when the company’s car is used by you (employee) whereas approved mileage allowance (AMR) is used when your (employee’s) own car is used for business travel. Secondly and most importantly, AFR only covers fuel expenses since the employer is already paying for the car. On the other hand, AMA covers the cost of insurance, repair, maintenance, etc. AFR can be used to figure out how much of the annual business mileage is spent on fuel, regardless of the fact whether the company’s or own vehicle is used.

1257L W1 and 1257L M1 codes or just 1257L X code are temporary codes. HMRC applies an emergency tax code if it doesn’t have enough details about the amount of tax the person needs to pay. M1 is used when the pay is monthly while W1 is used when the pay is weekly. 1257L X can apply to either of these. M1/W1 or X code indicates that the tax shall be non-cumulative. In other words, the tax will be calculated based on the only current period’s pay and not on the basis of year to date earnings.

A “cumulative” code (like 1257L) calculates tax due by taking into consideration rebate on any overpaid tax or recovery on any underpaid tax automatically. Suppose, if a person is not paid in a particular pay period a cumulative code would automatically give him/her benefit of the tax allowances for the no income period on the next payment but a non-cumulative code would not. In cases where HMRC does not issue a cumulative tax code before the end of the tax year, any overpayment gets rebated when the year is reconciled or when the person completes his/her self-assessment return. One always starts a new tax year with a cumulative tax code.

Property allowance is a tax exemption of up to £1,000 a year available only to individuals with income from land or property. This means that if the rental income is less than £1,000 then no tax is payable and also nothing needs to be informed to HMRC. But, if the rental income is more than £1000 then self-assessment tax return needs to be filed. One needs to choose between receiving the property allowance and deducting the actual expenses from rental income. Claiming actual expenses is advisable if this produces a rental loss, as no loss can be claimed if he/she elects to use the property allowance.

HMRC introduced a system called “payments on account” for assesses who pay most of their tax through Self-Assessment. If the Self-Assessment bill of a person is more than £1,000, then his/her tax needs to be paid on account. But, if more than 80% of one’s income gets taxed through PAYE, then this system won’t apply on him/her.

Corporation Tax

The main purpose of a UTR number is to help HMRC identify tax payers. You will need your UTR number when completing and filing of corporation tax return and when someone is helping you with tax related matter.

A Unique Taxpayer Reference is issued and used by HMRC to identify a particular company or organisation for tax purposes only. It consists of 10 digits.

Company Registration Number (CRN) is immediately created and assigned by Companies House when a new limited company or LLP is incorporated. It is a unique 8-digit number or 6 numbers prefixed by 2 letters.

CT 603 is a notice HMRC issues to a company to request the filing of a company tax return for corporation tax, including supplementary pages. If HMRC has sent company a ‘Notice to deliver a Company Tax Return’ (form CT 603), then the company must, by law, deliver a Company Tax return (CT 600). The said Company Tax return shall be prepared for the company’s accounting period that is the same as or ends in the period specified in form CT603.

Income in form of dividends paid to a company from earnings on which corporation tax has already been paid by the originating company is called franked investment income.

CT 603 is a notice HMRC issues to a company to request the filing of a company tax return for corporation tax, including supplementary pages. If HMRC has sent company a ‘Notice to deliver a Company Tax Return’ (form CT 603), then the company must, by law, deliver a Company Tax return (CT 600). The said Company Tax return shall be prepared for the company’s accounting period that is the same as or ends in the period specified in form CT603.

If your company has made common law claims concerning tax paid ‘under a mistake of law’. If a restitution award is made, whether because of judgment or an agreement, THE INTEREST element of the award will be chargeable to corporation tax at a special rate of 45% instead of the normal rate (i.e., currently 19%). This interest is defined as restitution interest. It does not apply to any element of the award that represents the repayment of overpaid tax.

A CT activation code is a 12-digit code that is needed to activate your company’s corporation tax account. Once you successfully enrol for the corporation tax online service, you will receive a letter containing the activation code within 7 days of enrolment. The activation code is valid for only 28 days from the date mentioned in the letter and you need to use it before that. If it expires then you will have to request a new activation code online. This can be done by signing in for HMRC online services and enrolling for the services again. But if the code is lost within 28 days, then sign in for HMRC online services and ask for a new code.

You need to file your company’s tax return within 12 months from the end of an accounting period to which it relates.

The corporation tax bill needs to be paid by you within 9 months and 1 day from the end of an accounting period to which it relates.

The Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is a standard used for tagging business data for computers. It involves applications of computer-readable tags to business data such that data is automatically processed by the software.

Some organisations, such as limited companies, pay Corporation Tax on the profits that they make from trading and investment income. It’s also applicable to other organisations, like societies, associations, clubs and charities. They will have to submit a CT600, along with supporting documents, so that HMRC know how much Corporation Tax is due.

A Company Tax Return is the financial information that most companies file with HMRC each year to report on their earnings, losses, loans and any other factors relevant to their tax liability. Companies use this information to calculate the Corporation Tax that they owe.

Yes, you can make changes to your corporation tax return either online or by post within 12 months from the filing deadline for the corporation tax return for the said period.

Currently, corporation tax rate is 19%.

Yes, you can make changes to the corporation tax return of your company upto 12 months after the tax return filing deadline. This can be done either online or by sending a paper return to HMRC. Suppose you need to make changes in the return for the year ending on 30th November 2017, then deadline for filing the return will be 30th November 2018. Thus amenedments, if any, need to be made upto 30th November 2019.

IR35

A worker is involved in off-payroll working when they work for a client through their intermediary, often a personal service company (PSC), but would be an employee if they were providing their services directly instead of involving the arrangement of providing service through a PSC. An intermediary will usually be the worker’s personal service company. It could also be a partnership, a managed service company, or an individual.

Inside IR 35: The entity inside IR 35 you are required to pay tax & National Insurance Contributions on the entirety of your deemed salary, just like a permanent employee would have.

Outside IR 35: The entities outside IR 35 are deemed to be legitimate companies and they continue to operate and pay tax accordingly (as any other limited company would have).

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IR35 or off payroll working rules refer to an anti-avoidance tax legislation designed to collect tax and National Insurance at a rate similar to employment, where the contractor is an employee in all but name.

Check Employment Status for Tax service (CEST) is a tool that has been developed by HMRC to help the user in determining the employment status of a person, i.e., whether the said person is employed or self-employed for tax purpose. It is pertinent to note here that the tool assumes there is a contract in place between employer and employee to see whether the engagement can be classed as employment or self-employment. HMRC claims it to provide accurate results and that it shall stand by the result produced by the tool provided the information input is accurate and the tool is used in accordance with the guidance.

A Managed Service Company (MSC) has a separate set of owners and organisers managing a group of contractors. Management Service Company differs from Personal Service Company. MSC manages and controls the affairs of the business, not the contractor. Further, MSC are subject to different regulations by HMRC.

A Personal Service Company is a limited company set up to provide services of a single contractor. In other words it is generally an “intermediary” taking the form of a limited company. This company is generally owned 100% by the contractor, and he/she is usually the sole director too.

Forming a PSC has many benefits. Firstly, the liability of the sole contractor becomes limited. Secondly, it provides a more formal and professional way to present services to their clients. Also, company form of business structure enables managing taxes efficiently.

VAT

Using the Flat Rate Scheme you pay VAT as a fixed percentage of your VAT inclusive turnover. The actual percentage you use depends on your type of business.

A first year discount. If you are in your first year of VAT registration you get a one per cent reduction in your flat rate percentage until the day before the first anniversary you became VAT registered.

VAT Flat Rate Scheme might not be right for your business if:

  • you buy mostly standard-rated items, as you cannot generally reclaim any VAT on your purchases
  • you regularly receive a VAT repayment under standard VAT accounting
  • You making a lot of zero-rated or exempt sales.

You usually submit a VAT return to HMRC every 3 months. This period of time is known as your ‘accounting period. However, your VAT accounting period will comprise of 12 months in case you have opted for VAT Annual Accounting Scheme.

The due date for submitting the vat return online is 1 month and 7 days after the end of a VAT accounting period.

The due date for submitting the return online and paying HMRC are usually the same – 1 month and 7 days after the end of a VAT accounting period.

If you opt for annual accounting scheme you need to file VAT return only once a year. Your VAT accounting period will comprise of 12 months. The VAT return shall be due in 2 months from the end of VAT accounting period.

You can usually reclaim the VAT paid on goods and services purchased for use in your business.

You may be able to reclaim VAT paid on goods or services bought before you registered for VAT if the purchases were made within certain time limits.

If a business is registered for VAT then it must charge VAT on all its taxable sales. There’s no option to decide not to charge VAT to certain customers.

Value added tax, or VAT, is the tax you have to pay when you buy goods or services.

Businesses with a turnover of more than £85,000 must register to pay and charge VAT on the products and services they buy and sell. Other businesses can choose to register for VAT voluntarily.

When goods or services are zero rated they are still called VAT able supplies. The VAT rate on such goods and services is zero. Hence, a supplier supplying goods at zero rated can reclaim credit on purchases.

When goods or services are zero-rated, they are still called VAT able supplies. The VAT rate on such goods and services is zero. So, if the taxable turnover goes above £85,000 the supplier needs to register under VAT.

The partly exempt business can claim tax credit on capital goods through capital goods scheme. Under this scheme VAT recovery is adjusted based on the taxable use. As the taxable use increases, a further amount of input tax can be claimed and, as it decreases, equivalent input tax already claimed needs to be repaid. Click here to know more about capital goods scheme.

No. VAT is generally recorded, collected, and paid by the seller. But if a transaction is covered under reverse then the VAT will be recorded by the buyer instead of the seller. In such situations, VAT is paid by the buyer directly to HMRC instead of the seller.

However, the VAT reverse charge applies to intra-community EU transactions, and with effect from 1st October 2020, this will also apply to industry services.

MTD refers to Making Tax Digital. With effect from1st April 2019, all the VAT registered businesses with an annual turnover of more than £85,000 were mandated to maintain their VAT records digitally and file the VAT returns through MTD-compatible software. Businesses with a taxable turnover less than the VAT threshold can voluntarily opt for it.

A group of companies connected to each other may choose to file a single VAT return. Such group of companies are treated as single entity and so are called a VAT group.

Making VAT group facilitates two or more eligible persons to account for VAT under a single registration number and allows any one of the eligible persons within the group acting as the representative member.

VAT return is basically a form that depicts the amount of VAT owed to HMRC or the amount they owe to you. It shows total sales and purchases, amount of VAT owed, amount of VAT reclaim, VAT refund from HMRC for a particular VAT accounting period.

Providing the errors meet certain conditions, you do not need to tell HMRC about them – you can simply correct them by adjusting your next VAT return.

You can adjust your current VAT return to correct errors on past returns as long as the errors:

  • are below the reporting threshold;
  • are not deliberate; and
  • Relate to an accounting period that ended less than four years ago. Or you can send form VAT652 to the VAT Error Correction Team.

A VAT-registered number is a unique identification issued to businesses that are registered to pay VAT. Businesses can find their VAT number on their VAT registration certificate issued by HMRC.

A UK VAT number is nine (9) digits long, with two letters at the front indicating the country code of the registered business. For example, for Great Britain (UK), the first two digits of the VAT code are GB.

If you’re dealing with a supplier in another EU country then its VAT number will follow a different format, with its own unique country code. HMRC provides a list of ID formats from European Union member states

From April 2019, VAT registered businesses and organisations with taxable turnover above the VAT threshold of £85,000 are required to:

  • Maintain accounting records digitally in a software product or spread sheet. As a result, maintaining paper records has ceased to meet the legal requirements in tax legislation.
  • Submit VAT returns to HMRC using a compatible software product that can access HMRC’s API (Application Program Interfaces) platform.

PAYE

You can find on any correspondence you receive from HMRC, like tax forms, payslips, P45 and P60 forms. It is also in the welcome pack you receive when you first register your business.

Your Accounts Office Reference Number is a unique, 13 character code which will be shown on the letter you received from HMRC when you first registered as an employer.

You will be required to put in your Accounts Home Office Reference Number when you intend to make PAYE payments to the HMRC.

Yes, benefits in kind can be payrolled if the employer has registered with HMRC for using the ‘payrolling employee’s taxable benefits and expenses service’. All the benefits can be payrolled except employer providing accommodation and interest free and low interest loans. These needs to be reported in P11D even if you’re payrolling other benefits for the same employees. Further, if company car benefits are payrolled then there is no need of P46.

If the employer intends to payroll benefits and expenses then he/she needs to register for payroll before the start of tax year in which he/she wishes to begin running it.

If benefits in kind are payrolled then there is no requirement of submitting P11D form. However, all the benefits except employer providing accommodation, interest free and low interest loans can be payrolled. Hence, these need to be reported in P11D even if you’re payrolling other benefits for the same employees.

Further, you need to complete and file form P11D(b) to report Class 1A National Insurance contributions on benefits in kind despite payrolling them.

P87 is a form that can be used by employees to claim tax relief for allowable employment expenses. If the allowable expenses are less than £2,500, the employee can claim tax relief through P87 form, but if the allowable expenses are more than £2,500 then these can be claimed only by filing a self-assessment return.

If benefits in kind are payrolled then prima facie there is no requirement of submitting P11D form.

However, all the benefits except employer providing accommodation, interest free and low interest loans can be payrolled. Hence, these need to be reported in P11D even if you’re payrolling other benefits for the same employees.

Further, you need to complete and file form P11D(b) to report Class 1A National Insurance contributions on benefits in kind despite payrolling them.

You must collect and keep records of:

  • What you pay your employees and the deductions you make.
  • Reports you make to HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).
  • Payments you make to HMRC.
  • Employee leave and sickness absences.
  • Tax code notices.
  • Taxable expenses or benefits.
  • Payroll Giving Scheme documents, including the agency contract and employee authorisation forms

The records must be maintained for 3 years from the end of the tax year they relate to. HMRC may check your records to make sure that the employer is paying the right amount of tax. Click here to read more about PAYE and payroll.

EPS refers to Employer Payment Summary. It is basically used to claim refunds/recoverable amounts from HMRC or making declarations to HMRC. Few situations in which EPS needs to be filed are:

  1. For recovering statutory payments
  2. For reporting Apprenticeship levy
  3. For recovering Construction Industry Scheme (CIS) deductions suffered
  4. For informing HMRC that you have ceased using PAYE scheme, etc.
  5. For making an election to claim the employment allowance.

EPS refers to Employer Payment Summary. It is basically used to claim refunds/recoverable amounts from HMRC or making declarations to HMRC. Few situations in which EPS needs to be filed are:

  1. For recovering statutory payments
  2. For reporting Apprenticeship levy
  3. For recovering Construction Industry Scheme (CIS) deductions suffered
  4. For informing HMRC that you have ceased using PAYE scheme, etc.
  5. For making an election to claim the employment allowance.

FPS refers to Full Payment Submission. FPS is sent to HMRC to inform HMRC about the payments made to employees and the deductions made. It contains information like starter and leaver information, employee details, employee payment and deduction information etc.

FPS refers to Full Payment Submission. FPS is sent to HMRC to inform HMRC about the payments made to employees and the deductions made. It contains information like starter and leaver information, employee details, employee payment and deduction information etc.

Employer Summary Scheme (EPS) needs to be sent to HMRC by the 19th of the following tax month to apply any reduction (for example statutory pay) on what you’ll owe from your FPS.

Full Payment Submission (FPS) needs to be sent to HMRC on or before each payday even if taxes and National Insurance are paid to HMRC quarterly or monthly.

Payroll refers to the process of evaluating employee’s pay, deducting income tax and national insurance contributions and reporting the same to HMRC.

PAYE refers to the system of Pay As you Earn. It is a system used by HMRC to collect Income tax and NI contributions from employee’s pay as they earn it.

A P11D form is sent to HMRC by UK employers outlining the cash value of any work-related taxable expenses and taxable benefits you’ve received over the tax year (6 April-5 April). These are only benefits or expenses that have not already been included in your wages.

Yes, if you wish to deregsiter from payrolling of benefits you can do it before the start of tax year using the online service.

The PAYE reference number is given to every business that registers with HMRC as an employer. It’s a unique set of letters and numbers used by HMRC and others to identify your firm.

This reference is made up of two parts: a three-digit HMRC office number and a reference number unique to your business. It will usually look something like 123/A45678 or 123/AB45678 (though there can be exceptions).

Export-Import

A worker is involved in off-payroll working when they work for a client through their intermediary, often a personal service company (PSC), but would be an employee if they were providing their services directly instead of involving the arrangement of providing service through a PSC. An intermediary will usually be the worker’s personal service company. It could also be a partnership, a managed service company, or an individual.

Common Transit Convention (CTC) allows quicker movement of goods across the borders of common transit countries. The common transit countries are EU member states, Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Turkey, North Macedonia, Serbia. The customs declaration and payment of customs duty needs to be paid only when the goods reach final destination. This facilitates cash flow benefits and reduces administrative burdens.

Compliance

Yes, the companies need to mandatorily report Person with Significant Control (PSC) changes to Companies House as and when they happen. Besides reporting changes to Companies House, companies are also required to maintain a Register of People with Significant Control. If you fail to comply with these requirements you could be committing a criminal offence.

  1. Filing of dormant accounts to Companies house- Dormant accounts should include a balance sheet and any relevant notes for the past financial year. The accounts will have to be filed with Companies House every year, no later than 9 months after the end of the company’s financial year.
  2. Filing of confirmation statement to Companies House- You also required to provide an annual confirmation statement for a dormant company every 12 months. The due date for filing a confirmation statement for the dormant company is 12 months from the date the company was incorporated and then needs to be filed every 12 months. It must be filed within 14 days from this date. It is to be filed even if there is no change to the relevant details.
  1. Filing of dormant accounts to Companies house- Dormant accounts should include a balance sheet and any relevant notes for the past financial year. The accounts will have to be filed with Companies House every year, no later than 9 months after the end of the company’s financial year.
  2. Filing of confirmation statement to Companies House- You are also required to provide an annual confirmation statement for a dormant company every 12 months. The due date for filing a confirmation statement for the dormant company is 12 months from the date the company was incorporated and then needs to be filed every 12 months. It must be filed within 14 days from this date. It is to be filed even if there is no change to the relevant details.

You can inform HMRC about the dormant status by calling on 0300 200 3410 or you can update the same over the Web chat Or write a letter addressed at Corporation Tax Services, HM Revenue and Customs, BX9 1AX, United Kingdom.

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